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Upper Mustang Trekking in Nepal
The Upper Mustang Region Nestled within the Upper Kali Gandaki Valley, showcases a singular desert landscape within the country of the Annapurna Mountains, receiving only about 400mm of rainfall annually. This arid, stunning area is characterized by wind-sculpted forms and vivid hues of yellow and grey-brown. Despite its starkness, the realm features a softened appearance thanks to the occasional greenery of village. Fields and planted trees above the timberline.
The indigenous Lobas have thrived here for over 1,200 years, their survival intricately linked to the snowmelt from surrounding peaks. Their architecture—mud brick houses clustered in villages along watercourses—is ingeniously designed to face up to the extreme daily winds. Lo Manthang, the capital, stands out with its fortified. Walls, housing the Raja’s palace, significant monasteries, and a training center, echoing the town’s historical importance within the salt trade with Tibet.
Today, although the traditional trade has dwindled, the normal lifestyle persists with yak herding and agriculture framing the local economy. The region is additionally a vibrant tapestry of Buddhism and Bön animism, with its paths dotted with colorful chortens marking significant locales.
Trekking in Mustang is challenging yet enchanting, offering a definite experience compared to more frequented trails. The journey typically begins with a flight from Pokhara to Jomsom, followed by a trek to Kagbeni, the gateway to Mustang. The trail crosses various ridges and valleys, peaking at passes around 4,325 meters high. Despite recent road developments, the realm retains its tranquil allure, justified by the costly but rewarding Restricted Region permit required for access.
Lo Manthang, nestled in Nepal’s Upper Mustang region amidst the Himalayan Mountains, boasts an expensive cultural heritage and breathtaking landscapes. Dubbed the “Forbidden Kingdom,” it was once off-limits to outsiders until 1992. Encircled by a 14th-century mud and fence stretching 1.5 kilometers, the town features four cardinal-facing gates. Inside, key landmarks include the 15th-century King’s Palace, blending Tibetan and Nepalese architectural styles, and significant monasteries like Namgyal Gompa, Nyuphu Monastery, and Thupchen Gompa, all contributing to the area’s spiritual and historical significance.
The people of Upper Mustang have an expensive cultural heritage rooted in Tibetan Buddhism, evident in their unique architecture, adorned with Buddhist motifs. Monasteries, temples, and chortens are integral to their religious and cultural life, reflecting a mix of Buddhism and Bon tradition. Festivals like Tiji are celebrated with fervor, showcasing their spiritual beliefs and cultural traditions. Explore our Tiji festival trek package for more insights.
Upper Mustang, situated in northern Nepal, lies within the country of the towering Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges. This geographical phenomenon leads to minimal rainfall, making Upper Mustang one of all Nepal’s driest regions. Its unique landscape features barren hills, canyons, and sparse vegetation, providing an offbeat trekking experience. Because of its country location, Upper Mustang is accessible for trekking even during the monsoon season from June to August.
Upper Mustang, a restricted area in Nepal near the Tibet border, requires a special permit for entry to safeguard its culture, traditions, and environment. Once an independent kingdom. It boasts ancient monasteries, Buddhist art caves, and cultural treasures. Government restrictions aim to shield these sites and forestall over-tourism. Ensuring the preservation of Upper Mustang’s rich heritage and delicate ecosystem.
Upper Mustang Trek with Nature Heaven Treks and Expedition
Upon completing your passport, immigration, and visa formalities, we'll greet you outside the terminal building—look for an indication with your name. We'll then transfer you to your hotel, providing you with the afternoon to relax. In the evening, join us for a welcome dinner where you'll meet your guide and receive a trek briefing, including a check of all necessary gear.
Take each day's tour to 5 of Kathmandu Valley's UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Explore Swayambhunath, called the "monkey temple," and the historic Durbar Square, where you can see the Kumari, the living goddess. Visit Patan's Durbar Square, the revered Hindu temple Pashupatinath, and Bouddhanath, the biggest stupa in the world. This cultural immersion is additionally a perfect preparation for your upcoming trek.
After breakfast, commence a scenic drive to Pokhara via the Prithvi Highway. Enjoy captivating views of Nepal's rural landscapes and Middle Hill regions. The journey takes you alongside major rivers just like the Trisuli Nadi, originating in Tibet, and through the lower Gorkha region, near the epicenter of recent earthquakes. Upon arrival in Pokhara, transfer to your hotel with the rest of the day at your leisure.
After breakfast, take an early morning flight to Jomsom, the executive center of the lower Mustang region, offering stunning views of snow-capped peaks along the way. Jomsom sits within the Kali Gandaki Gorge, where the river carves through the Himalayas between the Dhaulagiri and Annapurna ranges, forming the world’s deepest gorge. Upon arrival, meet your porters and start your trek north along the old India-Tibet salt trade route, now paralleled by a dusty road. The trail ends up in Eklai Bhatti so along the eastern riverbank to Kagbeni, an ancient town at the confluence with the Jhong Khola. The town, characterized by its harsh conditions and architecture suited to the arid climate, relies on irrigation from glacial rivers. Here, the culture blends Bön animism with Lamaism, reflective of the broader Upper Mustang and Dolpo regions. Explore Kagbeni’s old gompa and soak up the views of Nilgiri to the south. Spend the night during this gateway to Upper Mustang, surrounded by its vibrant orchards and historic charm.
Upper Mustang, spanning 2,000 km², could be a starkly beautiful extension of the high Tibetan plateau, uplifted by the geological forces of India's push beneath Asia. Home to about 7,000 people, the region practices polyandry to stop the division of limited fertile land among multiple heirs, a technique that contributes to greater family prosperity compared to monogamous households. During this society, typically the primary son inherits the land, while the second is usually dedicated to a monastery from a young age. Health care is predominantly provided by Lama Doctors (amchi), who concentrate on Tibetan herbal medicine. After completing permit checks at the ACAP checkpoint, your trek continues east of the Kali Gandaki River, climbing through scenic ridges to Tangbe (3,060m), a village adorned with barley, buckwheat, and wheat fields and dotted with apple orchards. Whitewashed homes and narrow alleys define Tangbe’s landscape. An hour’s trek from there results in Chhuksang (2,980m) at the confluence of the Narshing Khola and Kali Gandaki. This village is thought for its caves, ancient defensive walls, and therefore the Kanga Gompa, which misinform the west of the river. Further along, the trail crosses the river near a large fallen rock forming a natural tunnel. It then ascends steeply through a rocky gully into the Ghyakar Khola Valley, approaching the terraced fields of Chele, where you'll spend the night.
From Chele northward, the villages lie west of the Kali Gandaki River, built along watercourses drawing irrigation from the glaciers of high Dolpo. With rainfall just 250-400mm annually, these villages occupy west-east tributary valleys carrying snowmelt to the river, causing the roads and trails to feature numerous vertical undulations. Today's challenging segment starts with an ascent to Samar. The steep path winds through desert landscapes, ascending past the line. Cross a span over the river to Ghyakar, then climb through a rugged canyon to Chele La (3,630m), where views stretch to Bhrikuti (6,460m) and Khumjungar (6,759m) against the backdrop of the Damodar Himal. The Thorung La is obscured by Yakwakang (6,482m) and other peaks, with Tilicho Peak (7,134m) and Nilgiri North (7,061m) enhancing the southern horizon. After reaching the part, the trail descends to Samar (3,660m), a poplar-fringed respite for horse caravans and pack goats. Beyond Samar, the journey continues over ridges and through valleys marked by a vibrant chorten before rising to Bhena La (3,830m) and descending to the hamlets of Bhena (3,860m) and Yamdo (3,920m). Ascend Yamdo La (4,010m), then traverse a ridge to Shyangmochen, which offers splendid views. Spend the night in Shyangmochen, captivated by its serene beauty.
Today's journey starts with a manageable ascent to the Shyangmochen La (3,850m), serving as the gateway to the subsequent side valley. The road gently winds through the valley, skirting fields and spending quaint hamlets like Tamagaon (3,710m), Chhungar (3,750m), and Jaite (3,820m), leading up to the Nyi La (4,020m). This pass demarcates the southern boundary of Lo. From Nyi La, the trail descends smoothly to a chorten on a ridge marking the Ghemi La. From there, it drops steeply into Ghemi, characterized by its whitewashed buildings and narrow streets, making it the region's third-largest village. Conclude your day with an overnight stay in the charming village of Ghemi, nestled amidst stunning Himalayan scenery.
Begin by descending to cross the Tangmar Khola, where you will be greeted by stunning rocky cliffs painted in red, blue, and grey. The trail continues across the valley and ascends past a lengthy mani inclose to the Choya La (3,870m). Take an instant here to enjoy the breathtaking panoramic views of the Damodar and Annapurna ranges to the south. The road then gently descends towards Tsarang, the second largest town within the region, perched on a ridge above the Kali Gandaki Valley and accessed via the Tsarang Chu Canyon. Tsarang, once the capital, retains remnants of its storied past, including an unused late 14th-century five-story palace and a gompa that also hosts daily pujas—visitors are often invited to attend. Conclude your day by relaxing and spending the night in Tsarang, a town rich in history and commanding views of the encompassing landscapes.
Descend into the canyon, cross the Tsarang Khola, and follow the Tholung Khola up the valley. Upon reaching the Sungda chorten, you'll pass the boundary between Tsarang and Lo, continuing your ascent to the Lo La (3,950m). From here, gaze down upon the walled fields and irrigation channels that frame the walled capital, presenting a vivid contrast to the encompassing arid, desert landscape. Thanks to altitude and limited water, only one annual crop of barley, wheat, mustard, or vegetables is cultivated. From the ridge, the town appears built on a plateau, encircled by a wall with a ¾km perimeter, forming an L-shape with one entrance gate at the short base of the L. Enter in a very clockwise direction, where the palace stands just inside the gate. The monastic section extends from the highest of the L to the correct of the palace. Recently, development has expanded to buildings adjacent to the outer wall. Spend the night within the capital, immersed in its unique layout and historical ambiance.
Lo-Manthang, about 50 kilometers from the Tibetan border, once thrived as a key trade hub between Nepal and Tibet, dealing in garments and salt. This charming village is renowned for its 6-meter wall and various striking towers. Inside its walls, significant sites like Thubchen Monastery, a museum, Jampa Monastery, and Thangka painting venues draw cultural enthusiasts. Opened to tourists in 1992, only 1,000 visitors yearly can explore Lo-Manthang, accessible exclusively through authorized trekking agencies. After exploring, visitors retire to their accommodations.
Leaving Lo Manthang, trek southwest on herder’s trails to Chogo La (4,325m, highest trek point). Circle a valley to a gully and descend to cross Tsarang Khola before climbing to Ghar Gompa, a 1,200-year-old center founded by the Buddhist sage Padmasambhava, who traveled extensively through Tibet and Nepal. It's one in all Nepal’s oldest Gompas, known for its valuable collection of carved, painted, and framed stones. Continue across a valley, ascend to a ridge through alpine meadows, then descend through a gully beneath cliffs and caves of reddish rock to Drakmar, a picturesque village divided by a stream where Bharal is often seen. Overnight in Drakmar.
This morning’s trek begins by descending past walled fields and a stream, undulating over ridges down to Ghemi, and proceeding to Ghemi La (3,765m). On the lower up-slope of Nyi La, a chorten marks a trail south of the road, offering another route to Shyangmochen via Gelling (3,570m), an agricultural village with a noteworthy gompa and artifacts. After exploring Gelling, continue along the road to Shyangmochen, where you may stay overnight.
Retrace the ascending trail through Yamdo and Bhena to Samar, then climb up to Chele La and descend to Chele. From there, drop further to cross the Kali Gandaki River and follow the road downstream to Chhuksang. This route offers a combination of challenging climbs and rewarding descents, passing through varied landscapes and providing glimpses into the local way of life. End your day by settling sure the night in Chhuksang.
Today, follow the road back through Tangbe, heading towards Kagbeni to arrive in time for lunch. After lunch, resume the trek to Jomsom, connecting with the Annapurna Circuit trail from Muktinath at Eklai Bhatti. Once in Jomsom, go to a more sophisticated hotel, bid farewell to your porters, and revel in your last evening in the Kali Gandaki Valley. This part of the journey offers scenic views and an opportunity to reflect on your adventure. Overnight in Jomsom.
Board an early flight for the short journey to Pokhara. Upon arrival, transfer to your hotel. the remainder of the day is free for you to relax or explore the serene surroundings. Enjoy the peaceful atmosphere and therefore the beautiful views of the lakeside city. Overnight in Pokhara.
Following breakfast, embark on a scenic drive back to Kathmandu along the Prithvi Highway, a journey that unveils the diverse and captivating landscapes of rural Nepal. As you traverse through the Middle Hills, the route offers picturesque views and a closer look at the daily lives of the local communities. Alongside, the road parallels major rivers like the Trisuli Nadi, originating from the Tibetan plateau, adding a serene backdrop to your journey. The drive also takes you through the lower reaches of the Gorkha region, nestled beneath the towering peaks of Manaslu. This return trip not only connects two major cities but also bridges the natural beauty and cultural richness of Nepal, culminating in an overnight stay in Kathmandu. Here, you can reflect on the entirety of your journey through the heart of the Himalayas, carrying memories of the landscapes, people, and experiences that define this incredible adventure
It's time to bid farewell. Ensure your luggage is packed, leaving nothing behind. We welcome your feedback. Our team will escort you from your hotel to the international airport according to your flight schedule. If you have extra days and wish to explore more, we offer various adventurous and relaxing trips in Nepal.
Allow our experts at Nature Heaven Treks and Expedition to help you Plan one of the most Memorable Vacations based on your interests with their in-depth knowledge of the Himalayas, they can craft the journey of your dreams considering your preferred location, time frame, and Budget
The Upper Mustang trek is moderate, requiring good physical condition to handle multiple days of walking in remote areas with altitude considerations.
Electricity is available in most teahouses on the Upper Mustang trek, but it's less reliable. Wi-Fi is limited, often only in larger villages.
To prevent altitude sickness on the Upper Mustang Trek, acclimatize properly, stay hydrated, eat well, ascend slowly, and consider medication like acetazolamide if necessary.
ATM access is very limited during the Upper Mustang trek. Muktinath has some ATM facilities, but it's safer to carry sufficient cash from Kathmandu.
Solo trekking in Upper Mustang, including Muktinath, requires a special permit and a registered guide due to its status as a restricted area in Nepal.
Beverages on the Upper Mustang trek include bottled water, tea, coffee, and limited alcoholic options like local beer and raksi at teahouses and lodges.
Yes, you can participate in the Tiji Festival during the Upper Mustang trek. It's an annual three-day ritual held in Lo Manthang in early May.
Guides are mandatory for the Upper Mustang trek due to its restricted area status. Porters are optional but recommended to help manage your luggage.
The risk of hypoxia on the Upper Mustang Trek is moderate due to altitude, but proper acclimatization and gradual ascent can significantly reduce this risk.
For the Upper Mustang trek including Muktinath, you need an Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) and a Restricted Area Permit (RAP) for Upper Mustang.
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